Foeniculum vulgare as the member of apiaceae family with common name of fennel is wellknown flowering medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicines. Keywords foeniculum vulgare, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, histopathological changes 1. Characteristics of fatty acids and essential oil from. Foeniculum vulgare mill commonly called fennel has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. Foeniculum vulgare strongly aromatic with a smell of aniseed. Comparison of the volatile composition of wild fennel. The leaves are very fine, have a feathery appearance and when crushed they smell like aniseed.
Salinity impact on yield, water use, mineral and essential oil content of fennel foeniculum vulgare mill. Plant fennel seeds outside in a sunny spot with welldrained soil. Forty wistar rats were divided into five equal groups. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of fennel foeniculum vulgarevar. Appearance foeniculum vulgare is a perennial with soft, feathery, almost hairlike foliage growing up to 6. Additionally, it is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers.
Characteristics of fatty acids and essential oil from sweet fennel foeniculum vulgare mill. An analysis gc and gcms of foeniculum vulgare mill. It includes the commonly cultivated fennel, foeniculum vulgare. A green leafy perennial herb, it can be 2 m high and 45 cm wide. Fennel foeniculum vulgare mill is one of the oldest spice plants which, due to its economic importance and significant pharmaceutical industry. Wild fennel foeniculum vulgare wild edibles database. It is in leaf all year, in flower from august to october, and the seeds ripen from september to october. It is a perennial herb that grows in many parts of the world raal et al. Analysis of essential oils obtained from the seeds seo and leaves leo of foeniculum vulgare mill cultivated in southeast of morocco revealed that transanethole was the major constituent 54.
Fenchel in german fenchel in german fennel in language. Media in category foeniculum vulgare the following 169 files are in this category, out of 169 total. Dried fennel seeds are used as a spice for flavoring food. This culinary herb, well known for its fluffy, feathery plumes of soft green leaves, and flat heads of yellow, star like flowers followed by edible seeds, is a highly aromatic and flavourful herb with culinary and medicinal uses. Foeniculum vulgare is widely grown for its edible fruit or seeds. Comparison of different populations of fennel foeniculum. Toxicopathological studies of foeniculum vulgare plant in. This document is hs595, one of a series of the horticultural sciences department, ufifas extension. A large image of foeniculum vulgare sweet fennel from the usda plants database. Fennel fennel foeniculum vulgare in the parsley family apiaceae, is a tall perennial native to the mediterranean region, now cultivated worldwide as an annual or perennial. Tisserand and young note that fennel essential oil can interfere with reproductive hormone modulation, is potentially carcinogenic based on estragole content, may inhibit blood clotting, and can cause skin sensitization if oxidized.
It is a hardy, perennial herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. Dtd allowed a high recovery of volatiles from small sample sizes without thermal decomposition. Article information, pdf download for foeniculum vulgare essential oils. The stems are ribbed and at the bottom of the stalks there is a broad green section.
Study of ip injection of foeniculum vulgare mill seed aqua extract on. It is native to the mediterranean and some parts of asia. Deficit irrigation studies on fennel are lacking or very limited, particularly in highaltitude environments. The leaves are pinnately compound, divided into long filamentous lobes with manyrayed up to 20 umbels of yellow flowers and with fruits measuring 44. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak buah adas foeniculum. Blagojevic department of chemistry, faculty of science and mathematics, university of nis, serbia abstract. Fennel in english aniseedweed in english erva doce in portuguese fenikel oby in czech. Fennel has been used in eastern medicine since prehistoric times for the treatment of different ailments, especially in china, india, pakistan, and middle east. Pdf evaluation of the essential oil of foeniculum vulgare. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from fda. Pdf foeniculum vulgare mill commonly called fennel has been used in.
Foeniculum vulgare definition of foeniculum vulgare by the. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Effects cytotoxic and genotoxic of aqueous extract of fennel. Foeniculum vulgare as valuable plant in management of. This study was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation levels on the essential oil content, essential oil yield, and chemical. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and mechanism. Report on common fennel from the book weed control in natural areas in the western united states thurston county nwcb fact sheet on common fennel.
It is a hardy, perennialumbelliferous herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. The encyclopedia of essential oils, element books lt, shaftesbury, united of kingdom, p. Comparison of the volatile composition of fennel foeniculum vulgare mill. Foeniculum vulgare in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Improvement of the yield and antimicrobial activity of fennel. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Native to southern europe along the mediterranean sea, this plant in the carrot family apiaceae has sweetly aromatic foliage and. Essential oil in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. According to iranian traditional believes, fennel with hot and dry nature is used as galactagogue, diuretic, emmenagogue. Fennel foeniculum vulgare has long been cultivated as a vegetable and as a source of other culinary and medicinal products. Fennel prefers open disturbed areas and has invaded roadsides. Foeniculum vulgare, called common fennel, is an upright, branching perennial that is typically grown in vegetable and herb gardens for its aniseflavored foliage and seeds, both of which are commonly harvested for use in cooking. Antifertility effect of hydroalcoholic extract of fennel. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.
Large image for foeniculum vulgare sweet fennel usda plants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of fennel foeniculum vulgare mill. Data source and references for foeniculum vulgare sweet. Foeniculum vulgare is an evergreen perennial growing to 1. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Sweet fennel is the more common fennel variety found in yuma county. Foeniculum is a genus of flowering plants in the carrot family. In this work, the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of fennel seeds was analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry gcms, and 28 components were identified. Abstractsuccessful fennel foeniculum vulgare mill production in semiarid environments depends largely on irrigation applications. Fennel fruit is the ripe fruit of foeniculum vulgare, mill. The bulb, foliage and seeds of the fennel plant are widely used in many of the.
This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places. Foeniculum vulgare synonyms, foeniculum vulgare pronunciation, foeniculum vulgare translation, english dictionary definition of foeniculum vulgare. Particularly a problem in california, but found throughout many western states including washington, oregon, arizona, nevada, utah, new mexico and texas. Genus foeniculum is a large biennial or perennial with aromatic, finely dissected leaves and umbels of small yellow flowers, followed by aromatic fruits details f. The herb is used as carminative, digestive, diuretic, cosmetic and medicine. A risk assessment prepared for hawaii gave the species a high risk score of 19. Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the fda website. Florence fennel is also known as finocchio, sweet fennel, sweet anise, and fetticus. Home profile page data source and documentation for foeniculum vulgare mill. This page was last edited on 17 december 2019, at 11. Salinity impact on yield, water use, mineral and essential.
The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. Two varieties of fennel are often used in cooking, the common or bitter fennel and sweet fennel. See our written findings for more information about common fennel foeniculum vulgare. Chemical composition and nutritional value of fennel. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis.
Apiaceae is an ancient common herb and spice known to the ancient egyptians and greeks, traditionally used as a carminative, a weak diuretic and lactation stimulant. Foeniculum fennel, a genus of herbaceous biennial and perennial plants of the family umbelliferae. The leaf transcriptome of fennel foeniculum vulgare mill. Fennel simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Effects of deficit irrigation on essential oil composition. Data source and references for foeniculum vulgare sweet fennel from the usda plants database. It is grown successfully in many gardens and a few fields throughout florida. The levels of selected elements ca, mg, fe, mn, cu, cr, co, zn, ni, cd and pb were determined in sweet.
Fennel is an excellent herbal additive to many culinary dishes, including salads, fish, and sauces. Fennel, foeniculum vulgare master gardener program. Fennel foeniculum vulgare is a flowering plant species in the carrot family. Mediterranean, cultivated and naturalized in many regions. Foeniculum vulgare is a stout, glabrous biennial or perennial, aromatic herb, with leaves dissected into numerous filiform segments. Quarterly journal of microscopical science 1853 14792826293. Antidiabetic activities of foeniculum vulgare mill. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. It is indigenous to the shores of the mediterranean but has become widely naturalized in many parts of the world, especially on dry soils near the seacoast and on riverbanks. Therapeutic and pharmacological potential of foeniculum vulgare mill. The leaves and seeds of fennel are used in many culinary traditions ehsanipour. Evaluation of the essential oil of foeniculum vulgare mill fennel fruits extracted by three different extraction methods by gcms. Fennel, foeniculum vulgare fennel, foeniculum vulgare, is a shortlived perennial with some types hardy in zones 49, but often grown as an annual in cooler climates. For example, a reddishleaved form known as bronze fennel foeniculum vulgare purpureum or foeniculum vulgare var.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Foeniculum vulgare, also known as sweet fennel, is a common kitchen herb used around the world but it is also a highly invasive weed that can severely damage ecosystems. Fortytwo wild fennel stem samples were collected in two different geographical areas of central spain. It is indigenous to the shores of the mediterranean but has become widely naturalized in many parts of the world, especially on dry soils near the seacoast and on riverbanks it is a highly aromatic and flavorful herb used in cookery and, along. The study aimed to investigate the antifertility effect of fennel foeniculim vulgare mill seed extract in male rats. Effects cytotoxic and genotoxic of aqueous extract of. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Fennel was used to make the spiced wine, claret, in the middle ages. A number of chemical constituents and various therapeutic effects of this herb have been reported by different. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes.
Foeniculum vulgare hill common names echter fenchel in german eneldo in language. Camus foeniculum commune bubani foeniculum divaricatum griseb. The control group received distilled water and the experimental groups were orally administered 1 ml of hydroalcoholic extract of fennel seed in four doses of 35, 70, 140. In iranian traditional medicine, fennel was known as razaianeh, razianaj, badian, and marsoun. Aug 03, 2014 foeniculum vulgare mill commonly called fennel has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. Foeniculum vulgare sweet fennel this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Levels of major and trace elements in fennel foeniculum. The flowers are in large, flat, terminal umbels, with from thirteen to twenty rays, and destitute both of. Foeniculum vulgare definition of foeniculum vulgare by. Fennel foeniculum vulgare new york institute of aromatic. The leaves and seeds of fennel are used in many culinary traditions ehsanipour et al. Native to southern europe along the mediterranean sea, this plant in the carrot family apiaceae. Foeniculum article about foeniculum by the free dictionary.
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